https://www.worldometers.info/de/weltbevoelkerung/deutschland-bevoelkerung/
...

By early 1943, the German government began recalling from combat a number of scientists, engineers, and technicians to work in research and development to bolster German defense for a protracted war with the USSR. The recall from frontline combat included 4,000 rocketeers returned to Peenemünde, in northeast coastal Germany.

Overnight, Ph.D.s were liberated from KP duty, masters of science were recalled from orderly service, mathematicians were hauled out of bakeries, and precision mechanics ceased to be truck drivers.

— Dieter K. Huzel, Peenemünde to Canaveral

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A race between the Allies developed to acquire as many scientists and engineers as possible, particularly nuclear physicists needed for the development of nuclear weapons, followed by rocket technology, such as the V2 missile ('Retaliation Weapon 2') and the Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet.

Expertise in gyroscopic instrumentation for inertial guidance and modern advances in airplane construction, such as turbojet-engines or swept wings were also sought. Other fields of remarkable interest were, including but not limited to, miscellaneous electronic devices, color film products, chemical weapons and optics. Hiring or abduction of these skilled workers was one of the objectives of the so-called 'Trophy commissions'.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Paperclip#Background_and_Operation_Overcast

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim